Citizenship Pressure and Employee Creativity in the Workplace: The Moderating Roles of Self-Efficacy

Abstract

Abstract: The pressure that employees feel in performing citizenship behaviors (i.e., citizenship pressure) has increasingly become a pervasive workplace phenomenon, with a growing number of companies requiring employees to undertake more extra-role obligations. However, due to the conflicting conclusions involving the consequences of citizenship pressure in existing studies, the present findings can't explain the phenomenon well. Based on the job demands-resources model, this paper aims to explore the curvilinear relationship between citizenship pressure and employee creativity, especially the moderating roles of self-efficacy. Empirical analysis of 297 direct supervisor-target employees paired samples within local enterprises shows that citizenship pressure has a reversed U-shape impact on employee creativity. In addition, self-efficacy serves as a conditional variable and moderates the reversed U-shape relationship between citizenship pressure and employee creativity.

Key words: Citizenship Pressure, Employee Creativity, Self-Efficacy, Job Demands-Resources Model

摘要： 随着越来越多的企业要求员工主动承担更多的职责外活动,由此带来的公民行为压力愈益成为职场中的普遍问题。然而,学界对于公民行为压力究竟是好是坏仍阐释不清,使得现有理论模型无法很好地解释现象,削弱了实践指导性。整合工作要求-资源模型,本文探讨了公民行为压力对员工创造力的影响,尤其是自我效能感在其中的情境机制。基于本土企业297份直接上司-目标员工配对样本的实证研究表明:公民行为压力与员工创造力之间存在倒U型关系,但是这一倒U关系取决于员工自我效能感水平的高低,即自我效能感水平越高的情况下,公民行为压力与员工创造力之间的倒U型关系越不明显。

关键词: 公民行为压力, 员工创造力, 自我效能感, 工作要求-资源模型

CLC Number:

C936

ZHAO Hongdan, JIANG Wei. Citizenship Pressure and Employee Creativity in the Workplace: The Moderating Roles of Self-Efficacy[J]. , 2018, 34(2): 95-103.

赵红丹, 江苇. 职场中公民行为压力与员工创造力的曲线关系——自我效能感的情境机制公共选择理论下的税收成本与社会契约形式转变[J]. 财经论丛, 2018, 34(2): 95-103.

References

[1] Organ D. W. Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome[M]. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1988.
[2] Zhao H., Peng Z., Chen H. K. Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Organizational Identification and Perceived Interactional Justice[J]. The Journal of Psychology, 2014, 148(2): 177–196.
[3] Bolino M. C., Klotz A. C. The Paradox of the Unethical Organizational Citizen: The Link Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Unethical Behavior at Work[J]. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2015, 6(8): 45–49.
[4] Bolino M. C., Turnley W. H., Gilstrap J. B., Suazo M. M. Citizenship Under Pressure: What's a “Good Soldier” to Do？ [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2010, 31(6): 835-855.
[5] 赵红丹, 江苇. 职场中的公民压力[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(2): 312-318.
[6] Cates D. A., Mathis C. J., Randle N. W. A Positive Perspective of Citizenship Pressure among Working Adults[J]. Journal of Managerial Issues, 2010, 22(3): 330-344.
[7] Amabile T. M., Conti R., Coon H., Lazenby J., Herron M. Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1996, 39(5): 1154-1184.
[8] Demerouti E., Bakker A. B. The Job Demands-Resources Model: Challenges for Future Research[J]. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2011, 37(2): 1-9.
[9] Bolino M. C., Klotz A. C., Turnley W. H., Harvey J. Exploring the Dark Side of Organizational Citizenship Behavior[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2013, 34(4): 542-559.
[10] Shalley C. E., Zhou J. Organizational Creativity Research: An Historical Overview[A]. Shalley C.E., Zhou J. Handbook of Organizational Creativity[C]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2010: 3-24.
[11] Zhou J., George J. M. Awakening Employee Creativity: The Role of Leader Emotional Intelligence[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2003, 14(4): 545-568.
[12] Oldham G. R., Cummings A. Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1996, 39(3): 607-634.
[13] Yang Y., Lee P. K. C., Cheng T. C. E. Continuous Improvement Competence, Employee Creativity, and New Service Development Performance: A Frontline Employee Perspective[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2016, 171: 275-288.
[14] Gong Y., Huang J. C., Farh J. L. Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2009, 52(4): 765-778.
[15] Shalley C. E., Gilson L. L. What Leaders Need to Know: A Review of Social and Contextual Factors that Can Foster or Hinder Creativity[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2004, 15(1): 33-53.
[16] Van Dyne L., Jehn K. A., Cummings A. Differential Effects of Strain on Two Forms of Work Performance: Individual Employee Sales and Creativity[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2002, 23(1): 57-74.
[17] Ohly S., Fritz C. Work Characteristics, Challenge Appraisal, Creativity, and Proactive Behavior: A Multi-Level Study[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2010, 31(4): 543-565.
[18] Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change[J]. Psychological Review, 1977, 84(2): 191-215.
[19] Stajkovic A. D., Luthans F. Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1998, 124(2): 240-261.
[20] Bakker A. B., Demerouti E. The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the Art [J]. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2007, 22(3): 309-328.
[21] Siu O., Lu C., Spector P. E. Employees' Well-Being in Greater China: The Direct and Moderating Effects of General Self-Efficacy[J]. Applied Psychology, 2007, 56(2): 288-301.
[22] Lu C., Siu O., Cooper C. L. Managers' Occupational Stress in China: The Role of Self-Efficacy[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2005, 38(3): 569-578.
[23] Bandura A. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control[M]. New York: Freeman, 1997.
[24] Demerouti E., Bakker A. B., Nachreiner F., Schaufeli W. B. The Job Demands-Resources Model of Burnout[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001, 86(3): 499-512.
[25] Bakker A. B., Demerouti E., Euwema M. C. Job Resources Buffer the Impact of Job Demands on Burnout[J]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2005, 10(2): 170-180.
[26] 王宁, 赵西萍, 周密, 等. 领导风格、自我效能感对个体反馈寻求的影响研究[J]. 软科学, 2014, 28(5): 37-42.
[27] 周浩, 龙立荣. 基于自我效能感调节作用的工作不安全感对建言行为的影响研究[J]. 管理学报, 2013, 10(11): 1604-1610.
[28] 冯冬冬, 陆昌勤, 萧爱铃. 工作不安全感与幸福感、绩效的关系: 自我效能感的作用[J]. 心理学报, 2008, 40(4): 448-455.
[29] Hobfoll S. E. The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested-Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory[J]. Applied Psychology, 2001, 50(3): 337-421.
[30] Bolino M. C., Hsiung H. H., Harvey J., LePine J. A. “Well, I'm Tired of Tryin’!” Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Citizenship Fatigue[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2015, 100(1): 56-74.
[31] Farmer S. M., Tierney. P., Kung-Mcintyre K. Employee Creativity in Taiwan: An Application of Role Identity Theory[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2003, 46(5): 618-630.
[32] Zhang J. X., Schwarzer R. Measuring Optimistic Self-Beliefs: A Chinese Adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale[J]. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 1995, 38(3): 174-181.
[33] Jafri M. H., Dem C., Choden S. Emotional Intelligence and Employee Creativity: Moderating Role of Proactive Personality and Organizational Climate[J]. Business Perspectives & Research, 2016, 4(1): 54-66.
[34] 张鹏程, 刘文兴, 廖建桥. 魅力型领导对员工创造力的影响机制:仅有心理安全足够吗？[J]. 管理世界, 2011,(10): 94-107.
[35] Aiken L. S., West S. G., Reno R. R. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions[M]. California: Sage, 1991.