Abstract: Social security has an income distribution adjustment function. It plays an important role in regulating the economic income of the elderly population, who are the main subjects of pension and medical insurance. Based on the database of CHIP, this paper makes a macroscopic global measurement and micro-individual econometric analysis of the old-age income redistribution effect of social security by using the structural Gini coefficient and redistribution coefficient. The results show that the level of pension benefits and health care play an important role in redistributing the income of urban and rural elderly population, and the income redistribution effect of pension is higher. On the whole, social security has a positive effect on the redistribution of income in old age, but there are still many problems. Social security expenditure should be focused on the disadvantaged groups and the social security target targeting mechanism should be improved, so as to gradually bridge the income gap of the elderly population.

Key words: Social Security, Elderly Population, Redistribution Effect, Gap

摘要： 社会保障具有综合收入分配调节功能。老年人口作为养老金和医疗保险等主要待遇享受主体,社会保障支出发挥着对老年时期经济收入应有的重要调节作用。文章基于中国居民收入调查数据库,利用构造家庭基尼系数以及再分配系数,对社会保障的老年收入再分配效应进行了宏观整体测算以及微观个体计量分析。研究表明,养老金待遇、医疗保障、社会救助水平对城乡老年人口的收入再分配效应发挥重要作用,养老金的收入再分配效应要更高;养老金转入收入对偏低收入户老人的收入再分配效应最大,医疗保险待遇对高收入户家庭的再分配效应最高,社会救助对低收入和高收入家庭有较大的再分配效应。从总体上看,社会保障对老年收入再分配效应是正向的,但依然存在较多问题,社会保障支出重点应向弱势群体倾斜并改善社会保障目标瞄准机制等,逐步缩小老年人口收入差距。

关键词: 社会保障, 老年人口, 再分配效应, 差距