Abstract: The “ubiquitous” nature of the Internet has greatly reduced the supply and use cost of digital inclusive financial services, which not only helps to expand the coverage of financial services in rural areas and the financial use of poor farmers, but also promotes the development of the local economy and industry to create more economic opportunities for poor farmers, thereby directly or indirectly slowing down the incidence of rural poverty. In order to verify the above judgment, this paper uses the panel data of 31 provinces from 2011 to 2015 to examine the rural poverty alleviation effect of digital inclusive finance and its impact mechanism.The results are as follows: (1) Digital inclusive financial development can not only promote the development of Internet credit and Internet insurance (i.e., financial availability) to directly alleviate rural poverty, but also indirectly slow down rural poverty by increasing individual employment and private enterprise employment (i.e., economic opportunities). (2)During the inspection period, the poverty reduction effect of directly increasing the financial availability of poor farmers was better than that of targeting local economic and industrial development and bringing more economic opportunities to poor farmers. In view of the current situation of rural inclusive finance and industrial development in China and the characteristics of poor farmers, this paper maintains that the development of rural digital inclusive finance in China should still aim at directly increasing the financial availability of poor farmers.

Key words: Inclusive Finance, Financial Poverty Alleviation, Poverty Alleviation, Targeting Mechanism

摘要： 互联网的“泛在性”特征极大地降低了数字普惠金融的供给和使用成本,既有助于拓展农村金融服务覆盖广度和贫困农户使用深度,也在一定程度上推动了地方经济和产业发展,为贫困农户创造了更多经济机会,从而直接或间接减缓农村贫困。为了验证上述判断,本文利用2011~2015年省级面板数据,考察了数字普惠金融的减贫效果及其影响机制。研究表明:(1)数字普惠金融不仅能够促进互联网信贷和互联网保险发展(即金融可得性)直接减缓农村贫困,同时也会通过增加个体就业和私营企业就业(即经济机会)间接减缓农村贫困;(2)考察期内,直接增加贫困农户金融可得性的减贫效果整体上优于瞄准当地经济和产业发展为贫困农户带来更多经济机会的减贫效果。鉴于当前我国农村普惠金融和产业发展现状及贫困农户自身特征,本文认为现阶段我国农村数字普惠金融仍应瞄准以直接增加贫困农户金融可得性为目标。

关键词: 普惠金融, 金融扶贫, 脱贫攻坚, 瞄准机制