Abstract: Based on panel data of 279 cities from 2011 to 2023 and a double machine learning model, robust results show that the national new generation artificial intelligence innovation development pilot zone policy significantly promotes the agglomeration of AI enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that the policy works through three pathways: financial agglomeration, talent agglomeration, and business environment optimization, with stronger effects in cities with high levels of financial development, high entrepreneurial activity, and high marketization. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the policy effects are more pronounced in the eastern region, central cities, and areas with lower intensity of local government competition. Further research finds that the policy has a significant spatial spillover effect on enterprise agglomeration in spatially adjacent cities. These conclusions provide theoretical and empirical support for understanding the internal mechanisms of AI policy-driven industrial agglomeration and offer policy implications for optimizing regional innovation systems and industrial spatial layouts.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence Pilot Zones, Enterprise Agglomeration, Financial Agglomeration, Talent Agglomeration, Business Environment

摘要： 本文基于2011—2023年279个城市的面板数据,采用双重机器学习模型探讨国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区政策对人工智能企业集聚的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:AI试验区政策显著促进人工智能企业集聚,且检验结果稳健;试验区政策通过金融集聚、人才集聚和营商环境三条路径发挥作用,并在金融发展水平较高、创业活跃度较高、市场化发展水平较高的城市中相应机制的促进作用更强;试验区政策效果在东部地区、中心城市及政府竞争程度较低地区更明显;试验区政策对空间毗邻城市的人工智能企业集聚存在显著的空间溢出效应。上述结论为理解人工智能政策驱动产业集聚的内在机理提供必要的理论和经验支撑,对构建区域创新体系和优化产业空间布局具有一定的政策启示价值。

关键词: 人工智能试验区, 企业集聚, 金融集聚, 人才集聚, 营商环境