Abstract: Drawing on national standards data from the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information, this study matches these data with information from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and the China Customs Database. It theoretically analyzes and empirically tests the relationship between standard institutional opening-up and firms position in the international division of labor. The findings show that standard institutional opening-up has an inverted U-shaped effect on firms position in the international division of labor, an effect that remains evident in the more practically relevant sample of listed firms and exhibits dynamic persistence. Import competition, the volume of imported products, and the range of imported products are important channels underlying the inverted U-shaped relationship, with import shocks arising primarily from the consumption of imported products in coastal regions. Standard institutional opening-up overturns the conventional firm-size paradox, exerting a stronger effect on small and medium-sized enterprises than on large firms. Moreover, the effects are particularly pronounced for newly established and revised standards. These findings underscore the importance of advancing standard institutional opening-up at a measured pace and identify a pathway through which firms can move toward higher-value-added activities. They also provide policy implications for calibrating the intensity of policy intervention and promoting quality upgrading and efficiency improvements in foreign trade.

Key words: Standard Institutional Opening-up, Position of Enterprises in International Division of Labor, Impact of Imports, Consumption Disparity

摘要： 本文基于全国标准信息公共服务平台的国家标准数据,结合中国工业企业数据库及中国海关进出口数据库的相关数据,理论阐释并实证检验标准制度型开放与企业国际分工地位二者的关系。研究发现:标准制度型开放对企业国际分工地位的影响呈先升后降的倒U形特征,该结果在更具现实意义的上市公司中依然发生且具有动态延续性;进口竞争、进口产品规模及进口范围是上述倒U形关系的重要作用渠道,进口冲击主要来源于沿海地区对进口产品的消费;标准制度型开放打破传统的企业规模悖论,对中小企业的影响更大,而安环卫和修订标准的制度型开放的作用更明显。本研究揭示制度型开放中稳步之重要性及企业向高附加值环节迈进的实现路径,为找准政策调控力度、促进外贸“提质增效”贡献有益的启示。

关键词: 标准制度型开放, 企业国际分工地位, 进口冲击, 消费差异