Abstract: Although many factors will affect food safety, but the nature of the food safety issue is economic problem, which still unable to break away from the basic contradiction between supply and demand of the food safety market. In this paper, we combed the related frontier research literature on consumer perception and government regulation as two main line from the perspective of effective market needs, and incorporate their into a basic analysis framework of supply and demand. Through these literature study, we found that food safety incidents that occur frequently is a result of the pattern of extensive economic growth, and the bias of consumer perception and the reasonable degree of government regulation on food safety has a strong guiding role in the effective supply of food safety market. Food safety policy and institutional arrangements of governance can not only focus on the supply constraints in food safety governance, but how to boost the effective demand of food safety will be better to optimize the supervision resources and the effect of regulation. Study on China's food safety problems still remain in an overview and instrumental research stage, or some empirical research in a field, but on the intrinsic value and the depth of mechanism for food safety economics is still lacking.

摘要： 尽管影响食品安全的因素众多，但食品安全问题本质上是经济问题，仍无法脱离基本的供需矛盾。本文从有效需要的角度出发，以消费认知和政府规制为两条主线对相关前沿的研究文献进行了梳理，并将其纳入到一个基本的供需分析框架中。通过文献研究发现，频发食品安全事件是粗放型经济增长的阶段性产物，而消费认知的偏误以及政府规制的合理程度对食品安全市场的有效供给具有很强的引导作用。食品安全治理中的政策制定与制度安排不能仅着眼于对供给的约束，如何提振有效需求则更有利于监管资源的优化和规制效果。对于中国食品安全问题的研究目前仍主要停留在一种概述性、工具性的研究阶段或某一领域的经验性研究，关于食品安全经济的内在价值和深度机理性研究还十分缺乏。