Abstract: Firstly, this study uses four dimensions to measure the regional social capital levels, which includes the social trust, social organization, social participation, and social charity. We also utilize factor analysis to construct a composite scores of social capital. And secondly, the paper empiricially studies the impact of social capital on corporate debt maturity structure not only with fixed-effects model through F-test, LM-test, and Hausman-test, but also with a series of parameter and non-parameter tests, by using 471 listed non-financial companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges over the period from 2010 to 2013 to form a balanced panel data as a sample. The empirical result indicates that the regional social capital is significantly and positively related to corporate debt maturity structure. More specifically, listed firms in the better social capital development regions will incline to have longer debt maturity.