财经论丛 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 5-14.

• 数字经济 •    下一篇

智能制造与制造业企业生产率提升——基于劳动与分工的双重视角

牛志伟, 郑李昂   

  1. 浙江工商大学经济学院,浙江 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-16 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-08
  • 作者简介:牛志伟(1971—),男,河北饶阳人,浙江工商大学经济学院教授;郑李昂(1993—),男,安徽淮南人,浙江工商大学经济学院博士生。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AJL006)

Intelligent Manufacturing and Productivity Improvement of Manufacturing Enterprises: From the Dual Perspectives of Labor and Vertical Specialization

NIU Zhiwei, ZHENG Li'ang   

  1. School of Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • Received:2025-08-16 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-08

摘要: 本文基于2015—2023年沪深A股制造业上市企业数据,使用文本分析法测度企业智能制造程度,考察智能制造对制造业企业生产率的影响及其作用机制。通过理论分析和实证检验发现:智能制造提升制造业企业生产率,该结论经一系列稳健性检验后仍成立;智能制造通过劳动力优化配置和专业化分工两个机制提升企业生产率;在东部地区、技术密集度较低的行业、工业机器人渗透度较低的企业、融资约束程度较高的企业中,智能制造对企业生产率的提升作用更强。上述结论有助于厘清智能制造对企业生产率的影响机理,为实现制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化,促进企业生产率的提升贡献新思路和政策启示。

关键词: 智能制造, 生产率, 劳动力优化配置, 专业化分工

Abstract: Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing enterprises on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2015 to 2023, this paper adopts the text analysis method to measure the level of enterprises' intelligent manufacturing. Theoretical analysis and empirical tests reveal that intelligent manufacturing can significantly enhance the productivity of manufacturing enterprises, and this conclusion has passed a series of robustness checks. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that intelligent manufacturing boosts corporate productivity by exerting the effects of optimal labor allocation and vertical specialization. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive impact of intelligent manufacturing on enterprises' productivity is more pronounced in enterprises located in the eastern region, industries with lower technology intensity, firms with low industrial robot penetration, and firms facing higher financing constraints. This study not only helps clarify the influence mechanism of intelligent manufacturing on corporate productivity, but also provides new ideas and policy implications for advancing the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of the manufacturing sector and boosting corporate productivity.

Key words: Intelligent Manufacturing, Productivity, Optimal Labor Allocation, Vertical Specialization

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