财经论丛 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 51-62.

• 数字经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

公共数据开放如何赋能企业数据要素开发利用能力提升?

郭文伟1, 刘安妮1, 陈妍玲2   

  1. 1.广东财经大学金融学院,广东 广州 510320;
    2.广东财经大学外国语学院,广东 广州 510320
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-20 出版日期:2026-10-10 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 郭文伟(1979—),男,广东汕头人,广东财经大学金融学院教授,博士生导师
  • 作者简介:刘安妮(2001—),女,广东江门人,广东财经大学金融学院硕士生;陈妍玲(1985—),女,广东汕头人,广东财经大学外国语学院讲师。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515012445);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD25CYJ39)

How Public Data Openness Empowers and Enhances Enterprises Capability to Develop and Utilize Data Elements

GUO Wenwei1, LIU Anni1, CHEN Yanling2   

  1. 1. School of Finance, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;
    2. School of Foreign Studies, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
  • Received:2026-04-20 Online:2026-10-10 Published:2026-10-09

摘要: 在数字经济时代,企业高效开发利用数据要素的能力决定其核心竞争力与高质量发展水平。本文基于2011—2024年A股上市企业样本,系统考察公共数据开放平台上线对企业数据要素开发利用能力的影响及作用机制。研究发现,公共数据开放平台上线显著提升企业数据要素开发利用能力,且该促进作用在非信息技术行业、非高技术行业、面临较强市场竞争压力的企业以及所在城市金融发展水平较低的企业中表现更为突出。机制分析表明,公共数据开放平台上线主要通过驱动企业数字化转型、缓解信息不对称和增强企业营运能力三条路径发挥作用。进一步研究发现,企业研发投入与创新能力能正向调节公共数据开放平台上线对企业数据要素开发利用能力的促进作用。本文从企业数据要素开发利用能力视角揭示了公共数据开放的企业层面价值,为企业借助公共数据提升数据利用水平、增强核心竞争力并实现高质量发展提供了经验证据与政策启示。

关键词: 公共数据开放, 数据要素, 要素开发利用, 数字化转型, 信息不对称, 营运能力

Abstract: In the digital economy era, whether enterprises can efficiently develop and utilize data elements directly determines their core competitiveness and high-quality development. Taking China s A-share listed companies on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2011 to 2024 as the samples, this paper uses the panel data model to deeply examine the effect and mechanism of the launch of public data open platforms on enterprises capability in data elements development and utilization. The empirical results show that the launch of public data open platforms significantly strengthens this capability, and the positive effect is more pronounced in non-information industries, non-high-tech industries, enterprises under greater market competition, and in those located in cities with lower financial development. Mechanism analysis reveals that public data open platforms work mainly through three channels: driving enterprise digital transformation, alleviating information asymmetry, and improving operational capability. Further research finds that R&D investment and innovation capability can positively moderate the promoting effect of public data open platform launches on enterprises capability to develop and utilize data elements. From the perspective of this capability, this paper uncovers the enterprise-level value of public data openness, offering empirical evidence and policy insights for enterprises to leverage public data to enhance data utilization, strengthen core competitiveness, and achieve high-quality development.

Key words: Public Data Openness, Data Elements, Element Development and Utilization, Digital Transformation, Information Asymmetry, Operational Capability

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