Abstract: Abstract: This study,useing the Heckman selection model, analyses empirically farmers’ cognitive of trans-genic biotechnology and adoption behavior on basis of the 327 farmers’ information in Anhui Province, The result shows that the education level of the head of household, social capital,exchanging ideas with other villagers, the county of national seed subsidy program, participating in trans-genic biotechnology training are more significant in promoting farmers’ cognitive of trans-genic biotechnology; but the age of head of household presents a negative role. The significant positive impacts on farmers’ planting trans-genic Bt cotton are the education level of the head of household, social capital, exchanging ideas with other villagers, the county of national seed subsidy program, participating in trans-genic biotechnology training, bollworm occurrence degree,but the prices of Bt cotton seed presents a negative role. Finally, the study put forwards the policy recommendations on basis of empirical research.