Abstract: Using the method of DEA(Data-Envelopment Analysis), the paper measures the agriculture index of technical change and index of efficiency change of 28 provinces in China in the period 1995-2011. Then studied the impacts of agricultural Using the method of DEA(Data-Envelopment Analysis), the paper measures the agriculture index of technical change and index of efficiency change of 28 provinces in China in the period 1995-2011. Then studied the impacts of agricultural technological progress and efficiency improvement on the agricultural export trade of different regions in China in a unified economic model and assessed the mechanism of impacts. The result shows that the agricultural technological progress and efficiency improvement have played positive role on the export of agriculture among different regions in China and the eastern region of China is best obvious.The conduction mechanism showed a certain regional diversity: the eastern region’s economies of scale is weakened and urgently need to seek for transformation from agricultural scale expanding to quality improving; while the middle and western region are in the rising stage of economies of scale and still rely on innovation of science and technology further to expand agricultural exporting scale. In addition, effects of resource reallocation shows that the production technology is incompatible with its factor endowments.