Abstract: More than 30 years to the number of Chinese agricultural inputs and great changes have taken place in the structure. This paper, by using time series data to explore alternative relationship between factors of agriculture and the resulting discussion of agricultural technology progress bias. The result shows that on the timeline, between all the elements of the material capital input to agriculture long-term alternative trend; Human capital could improve the ability of capital for land replacement, and it has on the elasticity of substitution of chemical fertilizer is higher, so its role cannot be ignored. Before and after the introduction of human capital of China's agricultural technology has changed the preference: gradually from land intensive agricultural mechanical power and fertilizer material capital intensive, and agricultural machinery technology progress faster than fertilizer technology progress. The skills skewness technology progress is with large population and did not get a full development of agricultural growth stage associated phenomenon of a kind of economic and technology. As non-agricultural transfer and elimination of surplus labor force, skills skewness technology will gradually replace the skewness technological progress become the main type of China's agricultural technological progress; At the time, skills of the workforce, or human capital accumulation will replace other elements as China's agricultural development by relying on key resources.