Abstract: Although many factors will affect food safety, but the nature of the food safety issue is economic problem, which still unable to break away from the basic contradiction between supply and demand of the food safety market. In this paper, we combed the related frontier research literature on consumer perception and government regulation as two main line from the perspective of effective market needs, and incorporate their into a basic analysis framework of supply and demand. Through these literature study, we found that food safety incidents that occur frequently is a result of the pattern of extensive economic growth, and the bias of consumer perception and the reasonable degree of government regulation on food safety has a strong guiding role in the effective supply of food safety market. Food safety policy and institutional arrangements of governance can not only focus on the supply constraints in food safety governance, but how to boost the effective demand of food safety will be better to optimize the supervision resources and the effect of regulation. Study on China's food safety problems still remain in an overview and instrumental research stage, or some empirical research in a field, but on the intrinsic value and the depth of mechanism for food safety economics is still lacking.