Abstract: 　　Industrial structure differentiation is the result of the division of social production, while market fragmentation and local protection are important factors in hindering the industrial structure differentiation. With a case study on China's 29 provinces panel data from 2001 to 2010, this paper introduces a method to measure local protection, tests the relationship between market fragmentation and differentiated industrial structure, local protection and differentiated industrial structure practically and studies their evolutionary trend and the factors that affect the regional industrial structure. On the whole, the level of inter-regional differences in industrial structure grows steadily, for the domestic market fragmentation is further converged and local protection doesn’t benefit regional industrial structure differentiation. In other words, the greater the difference between regional economic development is, the greater the difference between industrial structures is. Therefore, we should form a unified domestic market as soon as possible, establish a scientific performance evaluation system of local government officials, and formulate industrial policies to improve the regional industrial layout.

摘要： 产业结构差异化是社会生产分工的结果，市场分割和地方保护是影响地区产业结构差异化的重要因素。本文介绍了地方保护的测度方法，以2001～2010年我国29个省区的面板数据为样本．就市场分割、地方保护与产业结构差异化的关系进行实证检验，研究了我国市场分割、地方保护与地区产业结构的演进趋势以及影响地区产业结构的因素。从整体看，国内市场分割程度在进一步收敛，地方保护不利于地区产业结构的差异化，地区间产业结构差异化程度呈现稳中有升的态势，区域间经济发展水平差异越大，产业结构的差异程度越大。因此，应该尽快形成统一的国内大市场，建立科学的地方政府官员政绩评价体系，制定能够引导区域产业优化布局的产业政策。