Abstract: The reform of the agricultural land property rights system is the bottom-level reform of the rural development, which has characteristics of fundamentality and decisiveness, and is essential for the realization of the rural revitalization strategy and the great goal of common prosperity. As of 2020, the reform of the agricultural land property rights system, represented by the confirmation of agricultural land rights(CALR), had been basically completed. With the continuous advancement of the rural revitalization strategy, the policy effects of the reform of CALR have gradually emerged. Research from different perspectives needs to be carried out urgently. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural laborers have entered the cities to engage in non-agricultural employment, providing a sufficient supply of labor force for the urban development. Meanwhile, the phenomena of agricultural marginalization, village hollowing out and rural population aging are becoming increasingly obvious, and the problems of urban and rural development inequality and inadequacy are quite prominent. The core topics of this paper are whether the CALR will affect the decision-making of rural labor employment and what is its influence mechanism. Based on this background, it is of great significance to explore how to stabilize land property rights, encourage agricultural production, and promote agricultural and rural modernization through the reform of the agricultural land property rights system.
Based on the data of China Labor-force Dynamic Survey(CLDS)in 2014 and 2016, this paper matches the household-level and the village-level data with the individual-level data to analyze the impact of CALR on rural labor force employment decisions. The research results show that the CALR significantly improves the enthusiasm of the rural labor force to engage in agricultural production, and the probability of the rural laborers occupied in non-agricultural employment in households with confirmed ownership decreases by 4.9%. By adopting the robust standard error of village clustering, changing the explanatory variables into whether the household engages in non-agricultural sectors and the proportion of household engagement in non-agricultural sectors, using the Probit model for estimation, applying the 2016 data of CLDS and eliminating the sample data of provinces with large labor migration, the regression results remain robust. Furthermore, combined with the regression results of CLDS data in 2014 and 2016, as the CALR continues to advance nationwide, its negative impact on the non-agricultural employment of the rural labor force has decreased by about 2 percentage points. The mechanism research finds that the CALR can reduce the non-agricultural employment of the rural labor force and encourage the rural labor force to participate in agricultural production by expanding the agricultural land area and increasing the agricultural input, and can explain 34.55% and 21.63% of the impact of the CALR on the non-agricultural employment of the rural labor force respectively. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion of agricultural employment in the eastern region is stronger than that in the central and western regions. In rice planting areas, the CALR has a greater impact on the employment choice of the rural labor force, and more rural laborers are occupied in agricultural production. In the cross-county mobility sample, the CALR promotes more rural laborers to engage in agricultural production. In villages located in hilly or mountainous areas, the improvement of the agricultural production efficiency is limited, and the positive impact of CALR on agricultural employment of the rural labor force is weaker. In addition, in villages which have non-agricultural economy, the agricultural production function is improved after the CALR, and more labor force is engaged in agricultural production activities.
The CALR is the initial stage of the reform of the agricultural land property rights system. Under the circumstance that the current new round of CALR has been preliminarily completed, it is necessary to continue to encourage and deepen the reform. Based on the above analysis, this paper has the following policy implications:Rural areas need to further promote the reform of the farmland property rights system and eliminate the institutional barriers that hinder the free flow of labor. While releasing the productive function of farmland, the property right function of farmland should be further strengthened. On the basis of the new round of CALR, efforts should be made to establish and improve the land transfer market, grant farmland the right to be traded under the condition of clear property rights, promote the reform of rural land marketization, and revitalize the stock farmland assets. Through the gradual deepening of the reform of the rural land system and the continuous enhancement of the protection of agricultural land property rights, not only the productive functions of agricultural land can be fully exerted, but also the property functions of agricultural land can be well released. While stabilizing agricultural production and increasing agricultural income, we should realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, further improve the welfare level of rural residents, and effectively promote common prosperity.

Key words: Confirmation of Agricultural Land Rights, Non-agricultural Employment, Agricultural Production

摘要： 本文基于2014、2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,研究农地确权对农村劳动力就业决策的影响。研究结果显示,农地确权显著提高农村劳动力从事农业生产积极性,确权户从事非农就业的概率下降4.9%。随着农地确权在全国范围内持续推进,其对农村劳动力非农就业的负向影响有所下降。机制分析发现,农地确权主要通过扩大农地面积和提高农业投入来增加农村劳动力农业就业。异质性分析表明,东部地区、水稻种植区、存在跨县流动、平原地区和有非农经济村庄的农地确权对农村劳动力农业就业的促进作用更为明显。鉴于此,应在新一轮农地确权的基础上,推动农村土地市场化改革,盘活农地资产,带动乡村振兴和共同富裕。

关键词: 农地确权, 非农就业, 农业生产