Abstract: This paper analyzes the mechanism of AI (artificial intelligence)affecting manufacturing innovation based on the factor-augmented technology change effect, labor substitution effect and knowledge spillover effect. It uses the density of industrial robots as a proxy variable of AI to carry out empirical analysis by matching the data of IFR industrial robot, China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook, and China Industrial Economic Statistical Yearbook. It is found that as the fastest-growing county in the application of industrial robots in the world, the adoption of robots has significantly promoted innovation in Chinese manufacturing. The impact of robots on capital-intensive and high-tech industries is greater than that on labor-intensive industries, and the impact on substantive innovation of enterprises is greater than that on strategic innovation. Mechanism analysis shows that the adoption of robots promotes manufacturing innovation by increasing the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, expanding the demand for highly educated talents such as masters and doctors, and increasing R&D investment. Under the background of digital economy and artificial intelligence, this paper provides possible paths for stimulating the independent innovation of enterprises and realizing the innovation-driven strategy of technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Innovation, Industrial Robots, Chinese Manufacturing

摘要： 本文基于人工智能应用引致的要素增益技术变迁效应、劳动力替代效应、知识溢出效应分析其对制造业创新的影响机理,通过匹配IFR的工业机器人与中国制造业专利申请的数据,实证分析人工智能对制造业创新的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,工业机器人的应用显著促进中国制造业创新,对资本密集型行业和高新技术行业创新影响的边际效应大于劳动密集型行业,对企业实质性创新的影响大于策略性创新。机制分析表明,工业机器人应用通过增加R&D人员全时当量、扩大对高技能和高学历人员的需求、提高R&D经费支出等方式促进制造业创新。上述研究结论为激发企业自主创新、实现科技自立自强的创新驱动发展战略提供可能的路径选择。

关键词: 人工智能, 创新, 工业机器人, 中国制造业