Abstract: As a key engine for the formation of new quality productive forces, digital technology plays a significant role in promoting high-quality economic development. Taking listed companies from 2007 to 2022 as the research sample, this paper distinguishes the innovation degree of digital technology patents at the IPC subgroup level, and then examines how heterogeneous digital technologies affect enterprises' total factor productivity (TFP). The study finds that breakthrough digital technologies can significantly enhance enterprises' TFP, while incremental digital technologies have no significant impact on enterprises' TFP. Mechanism analysis indicates that breakthrough digital technologies promote the enhancement of enterprises' TFP through three channels: optimizing operational management efficiency, enhancing product competitiveness, and improving the quality of innovation. Heterogeneous analysis shows that the promotional effect of breakthrough digital technologies on enterprises' TFP is more pronounced in small and medium-sized enterprises, private enterprises, and enterprises with technology-oriented boards of directors. At the same time, stronger intellectual property protection and a higher degree of marketization are conducive to the productivity effect of breakthrough digital technologies. This study helps to reveal the impact of digital technology on enterprises' TFP and provides important insights for effectively promoting the deep integration of the digital economy with the real economy and fostering high-quality economic development.

Key words: Digital Technology Innovation, Total Factor Productivity, Operational Management Efficiency, Intellectual Property Protection

摘要： 数字技术是形成新质生产力的关键引擎,对于推动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以2007—2022年上市公司为样本,在IPC小组层面区分数字技术专利的创新程度,并考察异质性数字技术如何影响企业全要素生产率。结果表明,突破式数字技术能够显著提升企业全要素生产率,而渐进式数字技术对企业全要素生产率无显著影响。机制分析表明,突破式数字技术通过优化运营管理效率、增强产品竞争力以及提高创新质量三个渠道促进企业全要素生产率提升。异质性分析表明,突破式数字技术对企业全要素生产率的促进作用在中小型企业、民营企业和拥有技术型董事会的企业中更为显著。同时,较大的知识产权保护力度和较高的市场化程度能够加强突破式数字技术对企业全要素生产率的促进作用。本研究有助于揭示数字技术对企业全要素生产率的影响机制,并为有效推进数字经济与实体经济深度融合、促进经济高质量发展提供重要启示。

关键词: 数字技术, 全要素生产率, 运营管理效率, 知识产权保护