Abstract: Empowering new quality productive forces through digital transformation is an important strategic approach for manufacturing enterprises to achieve high-quality development and high-end transformation. Taking A-share manufacturing enterprises from 2007 to 2022 as the research samples, this paper uses the large language model ERNIE 3. 0 to analyze and identify text in the “Management Discussion and Analysis” section of annual reports, thereby constructing an enterprise-level indicator for new quality productive forces. Based on the TOE framework, the study explores the impact and mechanisms of digital transformation on new quality productive forces. The findings show that digital transformation can empower enterprises' new quality productive forces. The mechanisms through which digital transformation empowers new quality productive forces include enhancing the input of innovative factors, promoting the upgrading of talent ecology, and strengthening strategic sharing. Additionally, the industry peer effect of digital transformation plays a positive moderating role in these mechanisms. Further analysis reveals that digital transformation has a stronger promoting effect on new quality productive forces in enterprises with state-owned property, weaker market power, and a higher proportion of directors with a technical background. Digital transformation also yields positive economic outcomes, fostering high-quality development and improving innovation efficiency. This paper provides theoretical insights and empirical evidence to help understand how digital transformation empowers new quality productive forces at both the enterprise and industry levels. The paper offers practical guidance for enterprises to leverage digital transformation in different contexts to cultivate new quality productive forces and achieve high-quality and efficient development.

Key words: Digital Transformation, New Quality Productive Forces, Manufacturing Enterprises, Large Language Model

摘要： 以数字化转型赋能新质生产力是制造业企业实现高质量发展与高端化转型的重要战略途径。本文以2007—2022年A股制造业企业为样本,利用大语言模型ERNIE 3.0,通过对年报中管理层讨论与分析(MD&A)部分的语句进行识别分析,构建企业层面新质生产力指标,基于TOE理论探究数字化转型对企业新质生产力的影响和作用机制。研究发现:数字化转型能够对企业新质生产力产生赋能作用;增强创新要素投入、促进人才生态升级、强化战略共享是数字化转型赋能企业新质生产力的作用机制;数字化转型的行业同群效应在上述作用机制中具有正向调节作用。进一步研究发现,国有产权性质、市场势力较弱以及技术背景董事占比高的企业进行数字化转型,对于新质生产力的促进作用更强;数字化转型赋能企业新质生产力具有积极的经济后果,促进了企业的高质量发展与创新效率的提升。本文为理解企业及行业层面的数字化转型赋能新质生产力提供了理论启示和经验证明,对企业在不同情境下利用数字化转型培育新质生产力,进而实现高质高效发展具有实践指导意义。

关键词: 数字化转型, 新质生产力, 制造业企业, 大语言模型