Abstract: Financial supervision is an important component of the supervision system of the Party and the state, playing an important role in regulating financial order and promoting healthy economic and social development. However, there are few literature reviews exploring the micro governance effects of government financial supervision from the perspective of the quality of budget information disclosure by the financial department. Based on the perspective of the quality of budget information disclosure of financial departments in 31 provinces and municipalities (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao), this paper empirically tests the impact and mechanism of government financial and accounting supervision on the new quality productivity of enterprises by using the empirical data of A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021. Research has found that government financial and accounting supervision can significantly improve the new quality productivity of enterprises. The impact mechanism test has found that government financial and accounting supervision can improve the level of financial fund management, optimize resource allocation efficiency, and reduce government intervention, thereby enhancing the new quality productivity of enterprises. Heterogeneity testing has found that government financial and accounting supervision has a more significant promoting effect on the new quality productivity of enterprises. And the effect is even more pronounced in enterprises with higher internal control quality, weaker managerial myopia and lower agency costs. The research conclusion enriches the relevant literature on the factors influencing the new quality productivity of enterprises, which is conducive for the finance department as the main responsible department for government financial and accounting supervision to clarify the micro governance efficiency, and to provide empirical evidence for the new quality productivity of enterprises.

Key words: Government Accounting Supervision, Enterprise New Quality Productivity, Budget Information Disclosure Quality, Financial Department

摘要： 财会监督是党和国家监督体系的重要组成部分,在规范财经秩序和促进经济社会健康发展等方面发挥着重要作用,但鲜有文献从财政部门预算信息披露质量的视角出发探究政府财会监督的微观治理效应。本文基于31个省区市财政部门预算信息披露质量的视角,利用2011—2021年A股上市公司的经验数据,实证检验政府财会监督对企业新质生产力的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现,政府财会监督能够显著提高企业新质生产力。影响机制检验发现,政府财会监督可以通过提高财政资金管理水平、优化资源配置效率和减少政府干预程度进而提高企业新质生产力。异质性检验发现,政府财会监督对企业新质生产力的促进作用在内部控制质量较高、管理层短视较弱和代理成本较低的企业更为明显。研究结论丰富了企业新质生产力影响因素的相关文献,有利于为厘清财政部门作为政府财会监督主责部门的微观治理效能,驱动企业新质生产力发展提供经验证据。

关键词: 政府财会监督, 企业新质生产力, 预算信息披露质量, 财政部门