Can Government Digital Procurement Promote Enterprise Digital Transformation? Analysis Based on Government Procurement Contracts Big Data and BERT Model

Abstract

Abstract: As an important industrial policy on the demand side, government procurement plays an important role in enterprises' development and technological progress. Based on China's government procurement contracts data and listed company database from 2014 to 2021, this article uses the BERT model to identify government digital procurement (DP) contracts, and empirically tests the impact of government DP contracts on enterprise digital transformation and its influence mechanism. It is found that government DP significantly promotes the enterprise digital transformation, and this effect still holds after a series of robustness tests. The results of the mechanism test show that DP can effectively alleviate corporate financing constraints, promote digital innovation, enhance future expectations, and thereby improve the endogenous motivation of enterprise digital transformation. The sub-sample results indicate that the promotion effect is more obvious in non-state-owned enterprises, companies with executives from science and technology backgrounds, digitalization-following companies and manufacturing companies. The analysis of procurement methods finds that the promotion effect of central government procurement contracts and cross-province DP is more significant. The analysis in this article further expands the research scope of enterprise digital transformation, and has important reference significance for the government to use demand-side tools to guide enterprises to accelerate digital transformation.

Key words: Government Digital Procurement, Enterprise Digitalization, Digital Transformation, Market Expectations, Digital Innovation

摘要： 政府采购作为需求侧产业政策,对企业发展具有重要支撑和引领作用。本文基于2014—2021年中国政府采购大数据和上市公司数据库,利用人工智能BERT模型识别政府数字采购,实证检验了政府数字采购对企业数字化转型的影响和作用机制。研究发现,政府数字采购显著促进了企业数字化转型,且这一效应在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验结果表明,政府数字采购可以有效缓解企业融资约束、促进数字创新、提升未来预期,进而提高企业数字化转型内生动力。分样本检验发现,政府数字采购对企业数字化转型的促进效应在非国有企业、有理工科背景高管的企业、数字化跟随企业和制造业企业中更加明显,且中央采购和异地数字采购的促进效应更强。本文进一步拓展了企业数字化转型的影响因素分析,对政府运用需求侧工具引导企业加速数字化转型具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 政府数字采购, 企业数字化, 数字化转型, 市场预期, 数字创新

CLC Number:

F812.45

ZHANG Jiacai, YU Dianfan, YAN Zhimin. Can Government Digital Procurement Promote Enterprise Digital Transformation? Analysis Based on Government Procurement Contracts Big Data and BERT Model[J]. Collected Essays on Finance and Economics, 2024, 40(11): 46-56.

张家才, 余典范, 严志敏. 政府数字采购能否促进企业数字化转型?——基于政府采购大数据和BERT模型的分析[J]. 财经论丛, 2024, 40(11): 46-56.

References

[1]刘淑春, 闫津臣, 张思雪, 等. 企业管理数字化变革能提升投入产出效率吗[J]. 管理世界, 2021, (5): 170-190.
[2]刘凤朝, 赵雪键, 马荣康. 政府采购促进了企业R&D投入吗?——基于中小企业上市公司的实证分析[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2017, (7): 42-52.
[3]姜爱华, 张鑫娜, 费堃桀. 政府采购与企业ESG表现——基于A股上市公司的经验证据[J]. 中央财经大学学报, 2023, (7): 15-28.
[4]孙薇, 叶初升. 政府采购何以牵动企业创新——兼论需求侧政策“拉力”与供给侧政策“推力”的协同[J]. 中国工业经济, 2023, (1): 1-19.
[5]巫景飞, 王泽昊, 倪中新. 企业数字化与全要素生产率提升——来自中国上市公司的证据[J]. 贵州财经大学学报, 2023, (5): 41-51.
[6]周骁, 郭树华. 数字化转型如何影响企业利润率——数字经济视角下的机制与经验研究[J]. 贵州财经大学学报, 2023, (1): 32-40.
[7]谭雅妃, 朱朝晖, 李敏鑫. 数字化转型赋能制造业企业高质量发展——基于经济绩效与ESG绩效复合视角[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2024, (4): 45-58.
[8]Yu D., Zhang J., Yang J. Intellectual Property Protection and Firm-level Digitalization: Evidence from Intellectual Property Demonstration Cities Project in China[Z]. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Working Paper, 2024.
[9]王晓杰. 儒家文化如何促进企业数字化转型: 从价值引导到机制建构[J]. 东北财经大学学报, 2024, (2): 87-97.
[10]曾皓. 区位导向性政策促进企业数字化转型吗?——基于国家数字经济创新发展试验区的准自然实验[J]. 财经论丛, 2023, (4): 3-13.
[11]戚聿东, 肖旭. 数字经济时代的企业管理变革[J]. 管理世界, 2020, (6): 135-152.
[12]张家才, 余典范, 贾咏琪. 公平竞争审查制度、要素供给与企业数字化水平[J]. 财经问题研究, 2024, (2): 51-63.
[13]韩奇, 杨秀云. 公共数据开放能否促进企业数字化转型?[J]. 现代经济探讨, 2024, (4): 44-59.
[14]王筱筱, 李佶冬, 袁诚. 政府采购是否有助于改善企业融资效率——来自上市公司的证据[J]. 金融监管研究, 2023, (1): 22-43.
[15]胡凯, 蔡红英, 吴清. 中国的政府采购促进了技术创新吗?[J]. 财经研究, 2013, (9): 134-144.
[16]尘永魁, 关健, 田冬冬. 市场景气、融资约束与制造业投资——基于带有预期效应的新古典投资理论的再检验[J]. 金融发展研究, 2021, (12): 30-40.
[17]武威. 政府采购“稳预期”政策的理论框架与经验证据——基于公共风险分析视角[J]. 财政研究, 2022, (7): 66-80.
[18]Sundaram R., Sharma D. R., Shakya D. A. Digital Transformation of Business Models: A Systematic Review of Impact on Revenue and Supply Chain[J]. International Journal of Management, 2020, 11(5): 9-21.
[19]Goldman J., Strahan P. Government as Customer of Last Resort: The Stabilizing Effects of Government Purchases on Firms[J]. Review of Financial Studies, 2020, 33(2): 610-643.
[20]武威, 刘玉廷. 政府采购与企业创新:保护效应和溢出效应[J]. 财经研究, 2020, (5): 17-36.
[21]余典范, 张家才, 陈磊. 企业数字化促进了资本跨地区流动吗？——来自上市公司异地设立子公司的证据[J]. 财经研究, 2023, (12): 91-105.
[22]王伊攀, 朱晓满. 政府采购对企业“脱实向虚”的治理效应研究[J]. 财政研究, 2022, (1): 94-109.
[23]Conley T. G., Hansen C. B., Rossi P. E. Plausibly Exogenous[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2012, 94(1): 260-272.
[24]Goldsmith-Pinkham P., Sorkin I., Swift H. Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How[J]. American Economic Review, 2020, 110(8): 2586-2624.
[25]黄勃, 李海彤, 刘俊岐, 等. 数字技术创新与中国企业高质量发展——来自企业数字专利的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2023, (3): 97-115.
[26]Hambrick D. C. Upper Echelons Theory: An Update[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32(2): 334-343.
[27]Sitkin S. B., Pablo A. L. Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1992, 17(1): 9-38.
[28]刘锡禄, 陈志军, 马鹏程. 信息技术背景CEO与企业数字化转型[J]. 中国软科学, 2023, (1): 134-144.
[29]Ener H. How Does CEO Technical Expertise Influence Licensing-out at Technology Ventures?[J]. Technovation, 2022: 102501.
[30]Kiss A. N., Cortes A. F., Herrmann P. CEO Proactiveness, Innovation, and Firm Performance[J]. Leadership Quarterly, 2021: 101545.
[31]郭克莎, 杨倜龙. 制造业与服务业数字化改造的不同机制和路径[J]. 广东社会科学, 2023, (1): 36-46.
[32]梁平汉, 郭宇辰. 中国政府采购公告数据的使用和潜在问题[J]. 产业经济评论, 2023, (1): 68-80.