Abstract: Government digital procurement, primarily targeting data analysis and processing services, provides a new channel for enterprises to access shared government data resources. This study employs the BERT model from natural language processing to conduct a textual analysis of government procurement announcements and identifies government digital procurement according to the availability of shared government data resources. Based on this, the study matches listed companies' patent data with government procurement records and uses panel data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2023 to examine the impact of government digital procurement on companies' artificial intelligence(AI) technological innovation. The results show that government digital procurement significantly promotes AI technological innovation among listed companies, and this finding remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting a series of robustness checks. Mechanism analyses indicate that government digital procurement enhances companies' AI technological innovation primarily through government data resource sharing, as well as by fostering generic technology innovation and cross-domain innovation. Further analyses reveal that government digital procurement significantly stimulates high-quality AI technological innovation, particularly in core industries of the digital economy and in highly competitive industries. Moreover, government digital procurement implemented through open tendering exerts a stronger incentive effect on AI technological innovation. Overall, government digital procurement should be actively leveraged as a novel policy instrument to accelerate the advancement of AI technological innovation.

Key words: Government Digital Procurement, Government Data, Artificial Intelligence, Technological Innovation

摘要： 以数据分析和处理服务为主要标的物的政府数字采购,为企业共享政府数据资源提供了新途径。本文利用自然语言处理技术中的BERT模型,通过对政府采购公告的文本分析,按照能否共享政府数据资源,识别得到政府数字采购。在此基础上,利用2015—2023年中国A股上市公司的面板数据,通过匹配上市公司专利与政府采购数据,研究了政府数字采购对上市公司人工智能技术创新的影响。研究发现,政府数字采购能够显著促进上市公司人工智能技术创新,这一结论在经过内生性和稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验表明,政府数字采购主要通过政府数据资源共享、促进共性技术创新与跨领域创新的渠道,提升了上市公司的人工智能技术创新水平。进一步分析发现,政府数字采购显著促进了高质量、属于数字经济核心产业与高竞争行业的人工智能技术创新;同时,采用公开招标方式的政府数字采购对人工智能技术创新具有更强激励作用。因此,要积极利用政府数字采购这一新型政策工具来加快推进人工智能技术创新。

关键词: 政府数字采购, 政府数据, 人工智能, 技术创新