Abstract: Based on farmers’ field survey in Fujian province, this paper examines the relationship between New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and farmers’ migratory workplace decisions by applying multinomial logistic model, and investigates whether the job-lock effect arises between New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and farmers’ migratory workplace decisions. The results suggest that New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme has played an important role on farmers’ workplace decisions, and to some extent, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme restricts the job mobility of rural labor. Therefore, China's medical insurance should be integrated in accord with“Rural-Urban Integration in Mind” to make an integrated and portable health care systems established, which could realistically benefit for labors especially rural labors and secure their welfare when they migrate between rural and urban in China.