Abstract: Based on the panel data of 31 provinces from 1999 to 2012，this paper establishes a PVAR model to investigate the relationship between fiscal decentralization, housing price and income gap between urban and rural areas of the three. The results show that：fiscal decentralization are both helpful to the rise of housing price and the expansion of income gap between urban and rural areas ,and the influences are different in different regions. The effect of fiscal decentralization on housing price in the eastern region is greater than the effects in the central and western regions, the effect of fiscal decentralization on income gap between urban and rural areas is decreasing from east to west; the interaction between housing price and income gap between urban and rural areas is different in different regions.