Abstract: The composition and influencing factors of hospitalization medical expenses were analyzed, and the direction of medical cost control after the new medical reform was discussed. In cases of a county people's Hospital in 5205 cases as the research object, through the study found：(1) Per capita hospitalization costs constitute a significant decline in traditional Chinese medicine, while the examination and treatment costs and material costs accounted for a high. (2) The variation rate of the disease, the Department, the doctor's advice, the completion of the clinical pathway and the outcome of the disease have a significant impact on the cost of hospitalization. (3) Medical control costs on the macro needs of system regulation, improve health care, standardize the medical and medical reform policy linkage. In the micro level, we should further improve some effective control measures such as the clinical pathway, improve the completion rate and reduce the rate of variation.