公共数据开放与战略性新兴企业新质生产力——基于公共数据平台上线的准自然实验

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 数字经济时代,公共数据开放作为一种新型公共服务,已成为推动创新和提升企业竞争力的重要政策工具。本文从动态能力理论视角分析公共数据开放与战略性新兴企业新质生产力的关系,并利用中国地级市公共数据平台上线的准自然实验,基于2006—2022年沪深A股战略性新兴产业上市公司数据,采用多时点双重差分方法进行检验。研究发现,公共数据开放显著提升了战略性新兴企业的新质生产力。机制分析表明,公共数据开放通过以下途径提升新质生产力:一是促进企业与高校或其他企业研发联盟的合作效率,加速科研成果的转化;二是推动数字技术的“量质齐升”;三是提升资本和劳动力要素配置效率。此外,在数据要素利用水平越高、市场竞争越激烈、创新补贴越低及税收优惠越大的企业中,公共数据开放对战略性新兴企业新质生产力的促进效应越显著。本文揭示了公共数据开放通过协同创新激活、技术代际跃迁、要素重构升级培育新质生产力的动态能力演化规律,为数据赋能战略性新兴产业提供了理论锚点与政策抓手。

关键词: 公共数据开放, 战略性新兴产业, 新质生产力, 产学研合作, 数字技术创新

Abstract: In the era of the digital economy, public data openness, as a new type of public service, has become an important policy tool to promote innovation and enhance enterprise competitiveness. Based on the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in strategic emerging industries from 2006 to 2022, this paper uses A multi-time point difference-in-differences method to test the impact of public data open platform on new quality productivity of strategic emerging enterprises from the perspective of dynamic capability theory. The study found that after the launch of the public data platform, new quality productivity of strategic emerging enterprises increased by 13.43% on average. The mechanism analysis shows that public data openness can promote new quality productivity through the following ways: First, it promotes the cooperation efficiency between enterprises and universities or other enterprises R&D alliance, accelerating the transformation of scientific research results. Second, it promotes the “quantity and quality” of digital technology. Third, it increases the efficiency of allocation of factors of capital and labor. In addition, the promotion effect of public data openness on new quality productivity of strategic emerging enterprises is more significant for enterprises with higher level of data element utilization, fiercer market competition, lower innovation subsidy and greater tax incentives. The research conclusions show that the government's promotion of data development and sharing has a positive effect on the cultivation of strategic emerging industries.

Key words: Public Data Access, Strategic Emerging Industries, New Quality Productive Forces, Industry-University-Research Cooperation, Digital Technology Innovation

中图分类号:

F272.3

张轩铭, 刘雪炜, 刘伟. 公共数据开放与战略性新兴企业新质生产力——基于公共数据平台上线的准自然实验[J]. 财经论丛, 2026, 42(1): 26-38.

ZHANG Xuanming, LIU Xuewei, LIU Wei. Public Data Access and New Quality Productive Forces in Strategic Emerging Enterprises: Quasi-Natural Experiments Based on Government Data Platform Access[J]. Collected Essays on Finance and Economics, 2026, 42(1): 26-38.

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