关键词: 消费税, 职能定位, 含糖饮料, 健康消费

Abstract:

As an important aspect of guiding a rational diet, “reducing sugar” is of great significance to the maintenance of the health of residents and the in-depth implementation of the Healthy China Action. With the continuous rise of obesity rate and the promotion of the specific excise tax legislation in China, this paper, based on the functional positioning that the specific excise tax should adhere to under the background of tax and fee reduction in China, quantitatively analyzes the possible impact of the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) from the following three aspects: the fiscal function, the distribution function and the function of correcting negative externality. The findings are as follows:
Firstly, the fiscal revenue generated by the excise tax on SSBs shows that under the 20% excise tax rate recommended by WHO, the increase range of the domestic excise tax revenue is between 2% and 14%. In the context of a tight fiscal balance as the norm, raising fiscal revenue is a necessary function of the excise tax, and from this point of view, imposing a tax on sugary drinks is an important option.
Secondly, the effect of SSBs excise tax on the income gap between urban and rural residents shows that, compared with other countries that have introduced excise taxes on sugary drinks, the tax burden of China's urban and rural residents increased by such a tax is limited. The main reason is that China is one of the countries with the lowest consumption level of sugary drinks in the world. Therefore, although the introduction of an excise tax on SSBs would have a negative distributive effect, the significance of this effect requires careful consideration.
Finally, the excise tax of SSBs is analyzed from the perspective of correcting negative externalities of health. In terms of the economic losses caused by the negative externalities of health, the cost of the negative externalities of health caused by the excessive consumption of SSBs accounts for about 0. 10% of the total annual health expenditure in scale, which is much lower than the negative externalities caused by smoking. The SSBs excise tax rate designed on the principle of Pigou tax theory is far lower than the current excise tax rate of SSBs in various countries and the level recommended by WHO. The direct reason for this phenomenon is that the burden of diseases caused by excessive consumption of SSBs in China is relatively light. From the perspective of the impact on residents' health, if the tax is levied, it can reduce the daily intake of the added sugar per adult resident in China to a certain extent, thus reducing the energy intake and the body weight.
Taking all the above effects of SSBs excise tax into consideration, under the cost-benefit perspective, compared with its negative effects, the positive benefits of introducing the SSBs excise tax are considerable. Therefore, it is suggested that SSBs excise tax be taken as a starting point to guide residents' healthy diet consumption. Then, according to the effect and the consumption preference of consumers, a specific excise tax on unhealthy food can be formed in accordance with China's national condition by gradually expanding the tax category, which will further improve the specific excise tax system of China.

Key words: Specific Excise, Function Orientation, Sugar-sweetened Beverages, Healthy Consumption