关键词: 大部制改革, 基层财政, 公共服务, 创业生态, 人口流动

Abstract: The super-ministry reform is one of the exploratory reform approaches to promoting fiscal optimization in small-population counties and achieving a moderate concentration of the population. The large-department reform aligns with this goal and is also one of the exploratory reform paths to promote fiscal optimization and moderate population concentration in small-population counties. Based on theoretical analysis, this paper regards the large-department reform implemented in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment to empirically test its impact on the fiscal sustainability of small-population counties, and further analyze its effect on population mobility. The study shows that the large-department reform can significantly enhance the fiscal sustainability of small-population counties, and this promoting effect becomes even more pronounced when market vitality increases, although environmental pollution and poverty factors suppress this effect. Further research finds that after the reform enhances fiscal sustainability in small-population counties, it attracts population return migration through the improvement of public service supply and optimization of the entrepreneurial environment, thereby promoting population stability. From the perspective of government organizational structure, this paper provides empirical evidence that the large-department reform can alleviate the dual dilemma of fiscal and population issues in small-population counties, offering policy implications for the choice of reform paths in current and future small-population counties.

Key words: Super-ministry Reform, Grassroots Finance, Public Services, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Population Mobility