Abstract: Based on Barro’s government spending endogenous growth model in 1990, this paper constructs an analytical framework that includes fiscal decentralization and labor employment, and makes empirical study based on the panel data of China’s 282 cities for the period 2003-2010. The results of empirical study show that, the relationship between fiscal revenue, fiscal expenditure decentralization and transference of redundant rural labor force show significant “inverted U-shape”. Moreover, the optimal fiscal revenue and expenditure decentralization is 1.7847 and 3.4830. Under the principle of “match between total disposable local revenue and expenditure responsibility”, improving the local municipal government fiscal revenue decentralization and reduce its fiscal expenditure decentralization, and further improving the provincial fiscal transfer payment system, will be the key to the Sub-National fiscal decentralization reform.

摘要： 本文依据Barro（1990）政府支出内生经济增长模型，系统构建了包含财政分权、劳动力就业在内的理论分析框架，并采用2003-2010年中国282个地级城市的面板数据进行实证检验。实证结果表明，财政收入和支出分权对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响效应均存在明显的“倒U型”曲线特征，最优财政收入和支出分权分别为1.7847和3.4830。在“财权和事权相匹配”的指导原则下，适当提高地市政府财政收入分权而降低其支出分权，并进一步完善省以下财政转移支付制度，将是未来省以下财政分权体制改革的关键所在。