Abstract: More than 30 years to the number of Chinese agricultural inputs and great changes have taken place in the structure. This paper, by using time series data to explore alternative relationship between factors of agriculture and the resulting discussion of agricultural technology progress bias. The result shows that on the timeline, between all the elements of the material capital input to agriculture long-term alternative trend; Human capital could improve the ability of capital for land replacement, and it has on the elasticity of substitution of chemical fertilizer is higher, so its role cannot be ignored. Before and after the introduction of human capital of China's agricultural technology has changed the preference: gradually from land intensive agricultural mechanical power and fertilizer material capital intensive, and agricultural machinery technology progress faster than fertilizer technology progress. The skills skewness technology progress is with large population and did not get a full development of agricultural growth stage associated phenomenon of a kind of economic and technology. As non-agricultural transfer and elimination of surplus labor force, skills skewness technology will gradually replace the skewness technological progress become the main type of China's agricultural technological progress; At the time, skills of the workforce, or human capital accumulation will replace other elements as China's agricultural development by relying on key resources.

摘要： 本文利用时间序列数据探讨农业要素间的替代关系以及由此引发的关于农业技术进步偏向性的讨论。在时间轴上，农业投入物质资本的各要素之间存在长期替代趋势，人力资本提高了资本对土地的替代能力，且它对化肥施用的替代弹性较高，因而其作用不容忽视。引入人力资本前后，中国农业技术的偏向性发生了改变，从土地密集型逐步转向农业机械动力和化肥的物质资本密集型，而且农业机械动力的技术进步要快于化肥施用的技术进步。非技能偏态技术进步是与人口规模庞大且未获得充分发展的农业成长阶段相联系的一种经济技术现象。