Draw Boundaries to Restrict: Whether Territorial Behaviors Restrain Creativity ？

Abstract

Abstract: Territorial behavior is widespread within the organization. Individuals mark and defend their own territory. We want to know whether these behaviors of delimiting and protecting their respective regions or showing their affiliation draw boundaries to restrict employee's creativity. This paper constructs the theoretical model of territorial behavior, creativity and collectivism, collects individual data, and uses multiple regression method to test the relationship between territorial behavior and creativity and moderation effect of collectivism. The results are as follows: identity-oriented behaviors are significantly positively correlated with creativity; reactive defense behaviors are significantly positively correlated with creativity; and collectivism positively moderates the relationship between reactive defense and creativity.

Key words: Territorial Behavior, Creativity, Collectivism

摘要： 领地行为在组织内广泛存在,个体标记和防卫自己的领地,这种划定与保卫所属区域或者显示所属关系的行为是否会抑制员工创造力的发挥？本文通过构建领地行为、创造力以及集体主义的理论模型,收集员工层面数据,运用多元回归方法实证检验领地行为与创造力的关系以及集体主义的调节作用。研究结果表明,领地行为没有抑制创造力,而是起到促进作用,即身份导向标记与创造力显著正相关;反应性防卫与创造力显著正相关;相比较而言,集体主义倾向高的个体,反应性防卫行为对创造力的影响更强。

关键词: 媒体报道, 领地行为, 创造力, 集体主义

CLC Number:

F270

NA Ren, LIU Hong. Draw Boundaries to Restrict: Whether Territorial Behaviors Restrain Creativity ？[J]. , 2018, 34(2): 86-94.

娜仁, 刘洪. 画地为牢:领地行为是否抑制创造力？[J]. 财经论丛, 2018, 34(2): 86-94.

References

[1] Jaiswal, N.K., Dhar, R.L. Transformational Leadership, Innovation Climate, Creative Self-efficacy and Employee Creativity: A Multilevel Study[J]. International Journal of Hospitality management, 2015,519(10):30-41.
[2] Hon, A.H. When Competency-Based Pay Relates to Creative Performance: The Moderating Role of Employee Psychological Need [J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2012, 31(1):130-138.
[3] Robinson, R.N., Beesley, L.G. Linkages Between Creativity and Intention to Quit: An Occupational Study of Chefs[J]. Tourism Management. 2010,31(6):765-776.
[4] Wiig, K.M. Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management[J]. Long Range Planning, 1997,(30):399-405.
[5] Bobirca, A., Draghici, A. Creativity and Economic Development[J].World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2011,59(5): 887-892.
[6] Shalley, C.E., Zhou, J., Oldham, G.R. The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity: Where Should We Go From Here？[J]. Journal of Management. 2004,30(6):933-958.
[7] Slatten, T., Svensson, G., Sværi, S. Empowering Leadership and the Influence of a Humorous Work Climate on Service Employees' Creativity and Innovative Behavior in Frontline Service Jobs[J]. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,2011,3 (3):267-284.
[8] Ma, Y., Cheng, W., Ribbens, B.A., Zhou, J. Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Creativity: Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy as Mediators[J]. Social Behavior & Personality An International Journal, 2013,41(9):1409-1419.
[9] Kim, T.Y., Hon, A.H., Crant, J.M. Proactive Personality, Employee Creativity, and Newcomer Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study[J]. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2009,24(1):93-103.
[10] Dear, M. Human territoriality: Its Theory and History (book review)[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 1988,78(1):200-202.
[11] Sack, R.D. Human Territoriality: A Theory[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1983, 73(1):55-74.
[12] Brown , G. Lawrence,T . and Robinson ,S. L. Territoriality in Organizations [J].Academy of Management Review ,2005 ,30 (3):577-594.
[13] Kagitcibasi, C., Berry, J.W. Cross-Cultural Psychology: Current Research and Trends[J]. Annual Review of Psychology. 1989,40∶493-531.
[14] 强国民. “80后”员工管理问题探析[J].人才开发,2008,1(2):21-22.
[15] CharuShri. Developing the Next Generation of Leaders: How to Engage Millennial in the Workplace[J]. Leadership Advance Online,2011,(1):1-6.
[16] Hall,J. Conflict Management Survey:A Survey on One's Characteristic Reactions to and Handling of Conflicts between Himself and Others[M]. Houston, TX: Telemetries, Inc., 1969.13.
[17] Bordens, K. S., & Wollman, N. Territoriality in the Workplace: Personality and Environmental Correlates[C].Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta,1985.
[18] Brown, G. Claiming a Corner at Work: Measuring Employee Territoriality in Their Workspaces [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2009,29 (1):44-52.
[19] Smith, H. W. Estimated Crowding Capacity, Time, and Territorial Markers: A Cross-National Test[J]. Sociological Inquiry, 1983,53 (1): 95-99.
[20] Sundstrom, E., & Sundstrom, M. G. Work Places: The Psychology of the Physical Environment in Offices and Factories[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press,1986.
[21] Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior[A]. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (2nd ed.)[C]. Chicago: Nelson-Hall,1985. 7-24.
[22] Erikson, E. H. Identity and the Life Cycle[J]. Psychological Issues,1959,1(1): 18-164.
[23] Bateman, T. S., Crant, J. M. The Proactive Component of Organizational Behavior[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1993.14(2):103-118.
[24] Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L.,& Crant, J. M. What Do Proactive People Do？ A Longitudinal Model Linking Proactive Personality and Career Success[J]. Personnel Psychology, 2001,54 (1): 845-874.
[25] Csikszentmihğlyi, M. The Domain of Creativity[A]. In Runco, M.A. and Albert, R.S. (eds.), Theories of Creativity [C]. Sage: Newbury Park, CA,1990.190-212.
[26] Elsbach, K. D. Interpreting Workplace Identities: The Role of Office Décor[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior,2004,25 (1): 99-128.
[27] Grant, A. M.,Berry, J. W. The Necessity of Others is the Mother of Invention: Intrinsic and Prosocial Motivations, Perspective Taking, and Creativity[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011,54 (1): 73-96.
[28] Brown, G., & Robinson, S. L. The Dysfunction of Territoriality in Organizations[A]. In J. Langan-Fox, C. L. Cooper, & R. Klimoski (Eds.), Research Companion to the Dysfunctional Workplace: Management Challenges and Symptoms [C]. Edgar Elward Publishing,2007.
[29] Wollman, N., Kelly, B. M., & Bordens, K. S. Environmental and Intrapersonal Predictors of Reactions to Potential Territorial Intrusions in the Workplace[J]. Environment and Behavior,1994,26 (2): 179-194.
[30] Brown G. & Robinson Sandra L. Reactions to Territorial Infringement[J]. Organization Science, 2011,22(1):210-224.
[31] Kreiner,G.E.,Ashforth,B.E., Sluss,D.M. Identity Dynamics in Occupational Dirty Work: Integrating Social Identity and System Justification Perspectives[J]. Organization Science, 2006, 17(5):619-636.
[32] Eisenberg, J. How Individualism-Collectivism Moderates the Effects of Rewards on Creativity and Innovation: A Comparative Review of Practives[J]. Creativity and innovation management, 1999,8(4):251-261.
[33] Weisz J.R., Rothbaum F.M., Blackburn T.C. Standing out and Standing in: The Psychology of Control in America and Japan[J]. American Psychologist. 1984,39(3):955-969.
[34] Triandis, H. C. The Psychological Measurement Cultural Syndromes[J]. American Psychologist, 1996,51(4):407-415.
[35] Frese, M., Kring, W., Soose, A.,Zempel, J. Personal Initiative at Work: Differences between East and West Germany [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39 (1):37-63.
[36] 刘效广,王艳平,李倩.创新氛围对员工创造力影响的多水平分析[J].管理评论,2010,(8):84-89.
[37] Schwartz, S. H.,and Bardi, A. Value Hierarchies Across Cultures: Taking a Similarities Perspective[J]. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2001,32 (3):268-290.
[38] George, J.M. Creativity in Organizations[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007,1: 439-477.
[39] Scott, S. G., Bruce, R. A. Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1994,37(3): 580-607.
[40] Wells, M.M. Office Clutter or Meaningful Personal Displays: The Role of Office Personalization in Employee and Organizational Well-being[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2000, (20):239-255.
[41] Altman, I. The Environment and Social Behavior: Privacy, Personal Space, Territory, Crowding [M]. Monterey,CA: Brooks/ Cole, 1975.