Abstract: This research explores the role of technological innovation incentive policies in enhancing labor income share amidst the backdrop of a new technological and industrial revolution, aiming to foster high-quality and equitable economic development. Utilizing a double-difference model and a quasi-natural experiment framework, it examines the effects of high-tech enterprise recognition policies on labor income within firms. The findings indicate that such policies significantly increase the labor income share, and this positive effect is more pronounced in the eastern region, in enterprises with higher capital intensity and reliance on external financing, and in enterprises with better quality of internal control. The mechanism analysis suggests that these incentives promote human capital development by advancing technology and alleviating financial constraints, thereby increasing labor income shares. Additionally, the policy's impact is moderated by regional marketization levels and firms' political affiliations. Strikingly, the policy benefits ordinary workers more than executives, aligning with the principles of equitable wealth distribution. The study underscores the importance of maintaining and refining technological innovation incentives to improve income distribution patterns in the modern economy.

Key words: High-tech Firms, Human Capital Upgrading, Technology Innovation Incentive Policy, Labor Income Share, Common Prosperity

摘要： 本文基于高新技术企业认定政策的实施构造准自然实验,采用双重差分模型实证考察技术创新激励政策对企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究结果显示,高新技术企业认定政策显著提高被认定企业的劳动收入份额,该正向影响在东部地区、资本密集度及外部融资依赖程度较高、内部控制质量较优的企业中更明显;认定政策带来的生产技术升级效应及外部融资约束缓解效应推动企业人力资本升级,进而提高劳动收入份额;认定政策的劳动收入份额提升效应随着地区市场化水平的提高而增强,随着企业政治关联水平的上升而减弱。此外,认定政策显著提高普通职工而非高管的劳动收入份额。上述结论为新时期进一步实施技术创新激励政策和优化初次收入分配格局提供理论依据和经验支持。

关键词: 高新技术企业, 人力资本升级, 技术创新激励政策, 劳动收入份额, 共同富裕