Abstract: This paper based on 2000-2012 provincial panel data, from spatial economics view to analyze, through empirical view to analyze rural-urban income gap, social security and crime control cost, and then analyze its transmission mechanism. Through analysis found different provincial per public security expenditure have a positive spatial correlation, the eastern and western regions’ spatial heterogeneity is large. Empirical results show rural-urban income gap have a positive correlation with crime control cost, social security will help to reduce crime control cost. Moreover, spatial entry coefficient, lag coefficient, inflation, urbanization rate also influence crime control cost. In order to reduce the crime rate and its control cost, government should improve the social security system and reform household registration system to reduce rural-urban income gap.