财经论丛 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 26-36.

• 财政与税务 • 上一篇    下一篇

增值税留抵退税对企业绿色创新的影响研究

李玉姣1,2, 李骥骁1, 辛冲冲3   

  1. 1.河北经贸大学财政税务学院, 河北 石家庄 050061;
    2.河北经贸大学京津冀协同发展河北省协同创新中心, 河北 石家庄 050061;
    3.北京市社会科学院《北京社会科学》编辑部, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 辛冲冲(1988—),河北邢台人,北京市社会科学院《北京社会科学》编辑部助理研究员、编辑。
  • 作者简介:李玉姣(1993—),女,河北石家庄人,河北经贸大学财政税务学院讲师,硕士生导师,博士;李骥骁(2002—),男,河北衡水人,河北经贸大学财政税务学院硕士生。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省社会科学发展研究课题(编号:20230302037)

Research on the Impact of Value Added Tax Retention and Refund on Enterprise Green Innovation

LI Yujiao1,2, LI Jixiao1, XIN Chongchong3   

  1. 1. School of Finance and Taxation, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China;
    2. Hebei Coordinated Innovation Center for BTH Coordinated Development, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China;
    3. Editorial Department of Beijing Social Sciences, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2024-05-06 Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-01-13

摘要: 增值税留抵退税政策在激发企业投资活力、推动企业绿色创新等方面具有重要的现实价值。本文基于2013—2022年A股上市公司数据,利用2018年增值税留抵退税政策构建双重差分模型,实证研究增值税留抵退税政策对企业绿色创新的影响路径,得到以下研究发现:增值税留抵退税政策能显著促进企业绿色创新;在作用机制上,增值税留抵退税政策能够通过缓解融资约束、降低信息不对称、优化人力资本等路径,发挥促进企业绿色创新的政策效应;在异质性上,留抵退税政策在东部地区、市场化程度较高地区、第三产业占主导地区的影响效应较强,且在大规模企业、国有企业、非重污染企业的影响效应更明显;在调节效应上,企业治理水平、数字化转型、社会责任承担对增值税留抵退税的政策效应起到正向调节作用;进一步研究发现,企业绿色创新行为存在策略性倾向,留抵退税对策略性绿色创新的促进作用更强。基于此,建议持续深化增值税改革,因地制宜、因企制宜,完善增值税留抵退税链条,加强政策联动机制建设,为推动企业绿色创新、经济高质量发展提供有益借鉴。

关键词: 增值税留抵退税, 企业绿色创新, 融资约束, 信息不对称, 人力资本

Abstract: The VAT retention and refund policy has important practical value in stimulating the vitality of enterprise investment and in promoting the green innovation of enterprises. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2022, this paper constructs a differential model using the 2018 VAT retention and rebate policy to empirically study the impact path of VAT retention and rebate policy on enterprise green innovation. The results show that the VAT rebate policy can significantly promote the improvement of green innovation; In terms of the mechanism, the VAT policy can play a role in promoting corporate green innovation by easing financing constraints, alleviating information asymmetry and optimizing human capital. In terms of heterogeneity, from a regional perspective, the impact of the policy is stronger in the eastern region, regions with a higher degree of marketization, and regions dominated by the tertiary industry. Based on the enterprise dimension, the impact of the policy is more obvious in large-scale enterprises, state-owned enterprises, and non-heavy polluting enterprises. In terms of the regulatory effect, corporate governance, digital transformation and social responsibility play a positive regulatory role, which further affects the level of corporate green innovation. The further study shows that the tax credit has a stronger effect on promoting strategic green innovation, and enterprises have a strategic tendency toward the green innovation. Based on this, it is suggested that we continue to deepen the VAT reform, adapt to local conditions, and provide useful references for promoting green innovation of enterprises and high-quality economic development.

Key words: Value Added Tax Retention and Refund, Enterprise Green Innovation, Financing Constraints, Information Asymmetry, Human Capital

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