关键词: 养老保险, 个人所得税, 收入分配, 人口老龄化

Abstract: Pension insurance and personal income tax are both important policy tools to adjust income distribution, and the personal income tax policy of pension insurance can act on the policy effects of the two at the same time, thus affecting income distribution. This paper focuses on the personal income tax policy of pension insurance, systematically expounds its mechanism and influence path of adjusting income distribution, and comprehensively examines the main characteristics and existing issues of China's current personal income tax policies for pension insurance. The study further uses data from the China Household Income Project(CHIP) in 2013 and 2018 to simulate the income redistribution effect of taxing the payment phase of basic pension insurance. The study finds that personal income tax policy for pension insurance can regulate income distribution by introducing differentiated designs in three phases: contribution, accumulation, and payment. However, China's current policy of exempting all phases of basic pension insurance from taxation, while applying deferred taxation to annuities and individual pension accounts, may lead to shrink of the tax base of personal income tax, unbalanced tax burden with annuity and personal pension, and failure to adjust the income inequality of pension, which is not conducive to narrowing the income gap. Introducing reasonable taxation mechanisms in the payment phase of basic pension insurance can directly reduce the Gini coefficient of disposable income, and the rational use of new tax revenue is also conducive to the further optimization of the income distribution pattern. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that, against the background of intensifying population aging, China should attach importance to the regulatory role of the personal income tax policy for pension insurance in income distribution, and timely levy reasonable taxes on the basic pension insurance, so as to better optimize the tax system and promote the fairness of income distribution.

Key words: Pension Insurance, Personal Income Tax, Income Distribution, Population Aging